Here are some Techniques in Genetic Engineering:
Artificial Selection
Cloning
Gene Splicing
Gel electrophoresis
1. Artificial Selection
Artificial selection is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular traits by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Darwin used the term "artificial selection" twice in the 1859 first edition of his work On the Origin of Species.
Three Types of Artificial Selection
Selective Breeding - When animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. Cows are bred to increase muscle mass so we can get more meat.
Hybridization - When two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms.
Inbreeding - Breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits. Doberman dogs remain unique with each other.
2. Cloning
Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally or artificially. In nature, many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction. Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones of organisms or copies of cells or DNA fragments (molecular cloning).
3. Gene Splicing
Gene splicing is a form of genetic engineering where specific genes or gene sequences are inserted into the genome of a different organism. Gene splicing can also specifically refer to a step during the processing of DNA to prepare it to be translated into protein.
4. Gel Electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size.
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